Hospital admission due to nephrological conditions during hajj causes, healthcare use, and short-term outcomes

In this retrospective study, records of Iranian Hajj pilgrims who were hospitalized in 2 Iranian hospitals in Mecca and Medina, Saudi Arabia, from 2005 to 2007, were reviewed of 600 patients who were hospitalized, 12 [2.0%] were admitted due to nephrological causes, which included kidney calculi [n = 7; 58.4%], acute kidney failure [n = 2; 16.7%], urinary tract infection [n = 1; 8.3%], urinary tract infection and urinary calculus [n = 1; 8.3%], and renal malignancy [n = 1; 8.3%]. None of the patients needed referral to other healthcare centers, and all of them were discharged with good condition. Length of hospital stay was 1 to 4 days. There was no association between hospitalization due to nephrological causes and sociodemographic data, healthcare use, and outcome. This inpatient epidemiological study showed 2% of total admissions were related to nephrological conditions in Iranian Hajj pilgrims, most commonly due to easily treated conditions

reactivation effect of pralidoxime in human blood on parathion and paraoxon-induced cholinesterase inhibition

In this investigation the reactivation of cholinesterases by pralidoxime in parathion and paraoxon intoxication in plasma and erythrocytes were studied. For this purpose, human plasma and erythrocytes were incubated with various concentrations of parathion [0.1-10 micro M] and paraoxon [0.03-0.3 micro M] at 37 °C for 10 min. Then, pralidoxime [10-300 micro M] was added to the samples and incubated for 10 min before cholinesterases assay. The results showed that effects of parathion and paraoxon were dose dependent. These agents inhibited more than 85% of butyrylcholinesterase [BChE] and acetylcholinesterase [AChE] activity and the inhibitory effect of paraoxon was 10 times more than parathion. BChE activity was significantly higher than the control at 100 micro M of pralidoxime and it reduced inhibitory effects of parathion to less than 50% and of paraoxon to 42% of control. When pralidoxime [10 micro M] was added to erythrocytes, the inhibitory effects of two organophosphates were reduced to less than 15%. At higher concentrations of pralidoxime [>100 micro M], both BChE and AChE activities were inhibited